The term “Intersectionality” refers the idea that people’s physical, intellectual or emotional capabilities, along with their race, ethnicity, and gender, should be considered when analyzing and interpreting events. This is the same idea feminists use to analyze how women’s lives are shaped and shaped by their society. Here, we are going to concentrate on the interconnected analysis of disability. We will look at the issue of discrimination, racial discrimination and disability from a gender and social perspective.
Disproportionality in disability among people of color
Disproportionality is a term used to describe the inequitable representation of minoritized students in special education programs. It refers to the ratio of identification rates among different racial groups. Inadequate identification of students with disabilities could lead to greater stigma, less expectations, missed opportunities for rigorous education, and postsecondary education transitions.
In the United States, more than 10 percent of the student population is classified as disabled. Although the rate for children of color is slightly lower than that of other students, it’s still a significant problem. Based on the kind of disability, the an overrepresentation of certain demographics could be more common. While some academics believe that certain kinds of disabilities are more prevalent due to racism, other factors could also be the cause.
Many studies have examined the phenomenon of overrepresentation. Artiles (1994) and Trent (1994) have identified two kinds of overrepresentation. The first is the “social model,” which places disability within the context of a normative culture.
But, although the social model is a useful illustration, it does not necessarily explain the overrepresentation of certain types of disabilities. For instance people with mild mental retardation are overrepresented in the national population as disabled.
The Civil Rights Project at University of California, Los Angeles has created the Center for Civil Rights Remedies. The organization monitors disparity and its effect on public education.
A recent study showed that black students had twice the incidences of intellectual disability and three times the rate of emotional disturbances compared to white students. The prevalence of disability was also higher among American Indians and Native Americans, with four times more developmental delays than whites.
Social stigma
Social stigma refers to the beliefs or set of beliefs that surround the people who have specific characteristics. These may be related to race, disability or religion, gender or sexual orientation, or other aspects of identity. Stigma is a significant social barrier to participation. However, a strong understanding of stigmatized persons is hindered by a lack of robust data. It has also impeded development of internationally-recognized tools to address it.
The concept of the intersectionality of stigmas is one that explores the ways various forms of discrimination can be connected. It is based on the notion that oppression of individuals, groups or entire communities is an issue of power dynamics.
Studies on the intersectional stigma have demonstrated that people living with HIV are often subject to significant stigmatization. This can take the form of institutionalized stigma or inter-personal stigma. Research has shown that those who are stigmatized are less likely to receive PrEP from their health care providers.
People with disabilities are more likely to suffer with chronic infections. Such diseases can adversely affect their position within the health system and family. They can also prevent persons with disabilities from obtaining information or treatment.
The effects of social stigma on individuals with disability have generally focused on the association between HIV-related stigma and various outcomes. These results can often be contradictory. Similar results were also observed in studies that examined intersectional stigma among older HIV-positive people in Latin America and China. Further research is needed to better understand the significance of intersectional stigma in this regard.
Research has uncovered social and structural stigma as well as self-stigma in people with disabilities. Self-stigma is a form of social stigma, in which people with disabilities internalizes negative thoughts about themselves. Positive self-image can help be a powerful weapon to combat such negative perceptions.
Disproportionality of women with disabilities
The US has a significant number of people who have disabilities. This has attracted a lot of attention. Among the general population, disabled people are more likely to live in institutions that are more punitive than their non-disabled peers. This is the subject of many recent studies and, while we’re here, it’s important to make a mention that women are in the minority in terms of the overall prison population. In the same way, although they are far more likely to be incarcerated however, they are more likely to be incarcerated in male-dominated prisons.
Courtney Boen and Laurin Bixby researchers from the US, conducted a study on US federal and state-run institutions. This was the most significant study. The findings were presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, California. Interestingly, this was the first time that the university had conducted an extensive study on this subject. Using the state’s Department of Corrections and Justice database, researchers compared demographics, programs, and the inmate files of more than 6,000 prisoners to determine which of them were the most at risk. They found that women were particularly vulnerable and prisoners are more likely than women to be mentally or physically impaired. In the final analysis, the results suggest that a judicious combination of policies and procedures could correct this long-standing disparity. The question of whether such a remedy is feasible is a separate question.
Other studies have revealed that the most significant instances are not a given, and that a variety of socio-demographic factors contribute to the disparity. Since the majority of them are treated as second class citizens, an integrated approach to addressing their conditions is a prerequisite for any successful reform in the prison system.
Disproportionality in disability among prisoners
It is crucial to tackle the issue of disparities in the number of prisoners with disabilities. Disabled people are at greater risk of being reincarcerated and suffering from health problems or being the victims of violence within prison. Persons with disabilities are more likely be homeless and poorer than those without disabilities.
The large proportion of disabled people in prisons is a reflection of the high frequency of interaction with the criminal justice system. It also reflects the prison’s debilitating nature.disability services melbourne
The findings of the study emphasize the need for intervention by policy makers. Particularly, policies must be designed to improve the well-being and well-being of disabled people when they are released from prison. This is essential to decrease the social isolation of people with disabilities.
To achieve these goals policies should be in tune with the various institutions managed and controlled by the carceral system. Therapeutic institutions like psychiatric hospitals and group homes, as well residential treatment facilities, are key sites for carceral logic. They can have a significant impact on the lives and rehabilitation of prisoners with disabilities. However they can also be used to strengthen structural oppression and may be less humane than punitive institutions.
One of the most important findings of this study is that those who have disabilities are more likely to be released if they are placed in a punitive institution. They are also more likely to be injured in prison.
People with disabilities were twice more likely to have been in a therapeutic facility. This suggests that therapeutic institutions may be more humane than punitive institutions. While they may contribute to the social exclusion of people with disabilities, they can also assist them to stay healthy and well.
Gender & Society articles are specifically geared towards women with disabilities
Women with disabilities are often excluded from the mainstream discussion about violence. However, research shows that violence against women who have disabilities is a huge issue. Women are also more likely to be victims of sexual assault.
This collection of essays explores the intersection of disability, gender and violence. Its purpose is to show the ways these issues affect people all over the world. It includes, among other things, the invisibility and challenges faced by women with disabilities.
The introduction of the book gives a broad overview of the topic. While it is not perfect, it is an excellent point of reference for those seeking to begin researching the subject.
One of the most important points made in the book is that violence against women with disabilities is an important yet under-reported social problem. Violence against disabled women can take place in a variety of forms. The perpetrators of abuse can be intimate family members, spouses, and health care professionals.
While there are numerous studies on the topic but very few have looked at the intersection between gender and disability. In fact, the majority of disability research programs are not geared towards gender studies and women’s studies.
It is also not easy to implement the intersectional approach in combating violence. It requires historical contexts. A study of the Equality Act 2010 lists protected aspects, including gender reassignment, age pregnancy and sexual orientation. Yet, the act is not enforced because of the burden it places on businesses.
An edited collection, Disabled Women and the Intersectional Approach Global Perspectives is an interesting analysis of the intersection between gender, disability and violence. It focuses on the concept of “invisible women”, which is often neglected in studies on violence.
